Anime pilgrimage in Japan: Focusing Social Influences as determinants.

Japanese animation, anime, has long been regarded as a niche culture reserved for anime otaku in Japan. The word anime otaku refers to individuals who spend most of their time alone at home, watching anime. However, in recent years, prototypical anime otaku have changed their behavioral patterns, resulting in a new movement called anime pilgrimage. Anime pilgrimage involves traveling to locations that resemble particular scenes in anime pieces, even though the locations themselves may be ordinary places. The authors constructed two models to describe the determinants of visit intention and destination loyalty based on research into ordinary and film tourism. The results suggested that, during the pre-tour period, otaku are motivated by the desire for interaction with other otaku and the wish to visit a new location. Moreover, they are also seeking to interact with the local people, and such experiences result in higher destination loyalty during the post-tour period. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved)

Retrospective or post hoc power analysis is recommended by reviewers and editors of many journals. Little literature has been found that gave a serious study of the post hoc power. When the sample size is large, the observed effect size is a good estimator of the true effect size. One would hope that the post hoc power is also a good estimator of the true power. This article studies whether such a power estimator provides valuable information about the true power. Using analytical, numerical, and Monte Carlo approaches, our results show that the estimated power does not provide useful information when the true power is small. It is almost always a biased estimator of the true power. The bias can be negative or positive. Large sample size alone does not guarantee the post hoc power to be a good estimator of the true power. Actually, when the population variance is known, the cumulative distribution function of the post hoc power is solely a function of the population power. This distribution is uniform when the true power equals 0.5 and highly skewed when the true power is near 0 or 1. When the population variance is unknown, the post hoc power behaves essentially the same as when the variance is known. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)

One possible reason for the continued neglect of statistical power analysis in research in the behavioral sciences is the inaccessibility of or difficulty with the standard material. A convenient, although not comprehensive, presentation of required sample sizes is provided. Effect-size indexes and conventional values for these are given for operationally defined small, medium, and large effects. The sample sizes necessary for .80 power to detect effects at these levels are tabled for 8 standard statistical tests: (1) the difference between independent means, (2) the significance of a product–moment correlation, (3) the difference between independent rs, (4) the sign test, (5) the difference between independent proportions, (6) chi-square tests for goodness of fit and contingency tables, (7) 1-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and (8) the significance of a multiple or multiple partial correlation. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)

This article reports the development and validation of a 10-item international Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) Short Form (I-PANAS-SF) in English. A qualitative study (N = 18) and then an exploratory quantitative study (N = 407), each using informants from a range of cultural backgrounds, were used to identify systematically which 10 of the original 20 PANAS items to retain or remove. A same-sample retest study (N = 163) was used in an initial examination of the new 10-item international PANAS's psychometric properties and to assess its correlation with the full, 20-item, original PANAS. In a series of further validation studies (N = 1,789), the cross-sample stability, internal reliability, temporal stability, cross-cultural factorial invariance, and convergent and criterion-related validities of the I-PANAS-SF were examined and found to be psychometrically acceptable. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)

In recent studies of the structure of affect, positive and negative affect have consistently emerged as two dominant and relatively independent dimensions. A number of mood scales have been created to measure these factors; however, many existing measures are inadequate, showing low reliability or poor convergent or discriminant validity. To fill the need for reliable and valid Positive Affect and Negative Affect scales that are also brief and easy to administer, we developed two 10-item mood scales that comprise the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS). The scales are shown to be highly internally consistent, largely uncorrelated, and stable at appropriate levels over a 2-month time period. Normative data and factorial and external evidence of convergent and discriminant validity for the scales are also presented. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved)

The goal of this chapter is to cover a research program that has explored the effects of interpersonal rejection and exclusion on aggression. We shall cover evidence that being socially rejected by others leads to an increase in aggression. Then we shall consider various competing theories about why it is that rejected, excluded people become aggressive. This chapter will be divided into eight sections. The first will describe the fundamental need to belong that is central to human functioning. The second will address the laboratory methods we have employed to manipulate social rejection. The third will describe research establishing the link between social rejection and aggression. Emotion, self-regulation, hostile cognition, and meaningfulness have been identified as factors relevant to the link between rejection and aggression, and a section will be dedicated to treating each of these topics. Finally, implications and future directions will be discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)

Inattention and hyperactive-impulsive symptoms have been associated with nicotine dependence. In an open-label randomized trial (N = 454) of transdermal nicotine versus nicotine nasal spray, we examined whether increases in inattention and hyperactive-impulsive symptoms measured by self-report in the first quit week predicted relapse at the end of 8 weeks of treatment (EOT). During the first quit week, 166 (37%) participants reported an increase whereas 288 (63%) reported no change/decrease in total symptoms; changes were not influenced by treatment type. In a logistic regression model of abstinence, an increase in total symptoms in the first quit week significantly reduced odds of abstinence at EOT (continuous change score: OR = 0.94, 95% CI = 0.91-0.98, p = .002; dichotomized change score: OR = 0.57, 95% CI = 0.37-0.87, p = .009). Early increases in inattention and hyperactive-impulsive symptoms following quit date during nicotine replacement therapy predicted relapse to smoking, suggesting that treatments targeting these symptoms in the first quit week may facilitate abstinence. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved)

The purpose of this study was to examine the affective responses of media exposure for 30 university women who were either high or low on drive for thinness (DT). Participants completed three laboratory visits where they viewed nonphysique-control, self-physique, and model-physique slides. For each visit, the participants completed pre-, immediately post-, and four hourly ecological momentary post-slide viewing assessments of positive and negative affect, and they also indicated their level of pleasure during slide viewing. It was found that the high-DT group, compared to the low-DT group, reported: (a) less pleasure while viewing the self slides, (b) higher negative affect immediately after viewing the self slides, and (c) higher negative affect one and two hours after viewing the model slides. Finally, positive affect, when collapsed across group and condition, was lowest at the one-hour post-assessment. No other differences were significant. The findings that self- and model-slides had negative affective consequences for individuals at risk for eating disorders are discussed with regard to social comparison theory (Festinger, 1954). (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved)

The ability of the theory of planned behaviour to predict objectively measured outcomes was tested in school-age children. Study 1 (N = 71) showed that the theory of planned behaviour accounted for significant proportions of the variance in intention and that the intentions predicted scores in a science test; study 2 (N = 175) replicated these effects across a broader range of subjects. In addition, study 2 explored the mechanism by which intention was translated into action and demonstrated that intention stability moderated the intention-academic achievement relationship. Moreover, controlling for a range of cognitive and affective variables, intention and positive affect were independent predictors of intention stability. These findings suggest that although positive affect did not influence intention directly, it did influence intention stability, the mechanism by which intentions are translated into action. Future educational interventions should therefore influence both cognitive and affective factors to promote sustained motivation. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)

In the present study teacher students’ contextual learning experiences were examined longitudinally in authentic study environments using the contextual activity sampling system, a means of mobile-supported experience sampling. The students’ (n = 9) experiences were first recorded during a 2 week period in their first year of study. The same measurements were repeated again for a 2 week follow-up in the second year, accompanied by interviews before and after the follow-up. The first year of study consisted mostly of lectures and ordinary small-group work, whereas the second measurement period ran parallel to the completion of an intensive inquiry-based project, which was the focus of the present study. A multivariate analysis of variance revealed that studying during the inquiry-based period produced stronger experiences of being challenged as well as negative affects than the teacher-centered period. The participants’ experiences of competence, commitment and positive affects did not differ during the two periods. However, interview data indicated that the participants enjoyed the inquiry-based period and that the work was intensive. Contextual data and interviews were also used to describe students’ experiences during one particular study session during the inquiry-based project. The results suggest that negative affects may be an essential part of the process of gradually learning to take responsibility for both individual and collaborative learning processes. Possibilities for using experience-sampling methods to analyze collaborative learning are also discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)